Haiti Earthquake - video of the liquefaction damage to the main dockyard in Port-au-Prince

Following up on my post yesterday on the nature of the liquefaction damage to the main container port in Port-au-Prince, CNN has a video from the site. The video is here:

http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/15/haiti.harbor/index.html

The recording appears to have been shot in this area (this is the post earthquake Google Geoeye imagery):


The video clearly shows the liquefaction features, the collapsed wharves and the damaged cranes and notes how much work is needed to reinstate all of this. There is no sign on the video that this work has started.

Earthquake-triggered liquefaction damage to the docks at Port-au-Prince in Haiti

UPDATE: there is a video of this site here.

One of the major impacts of large earthquakes in coastal areas can be the damage to dock facilities caused by liquefaction. The process of seismic liquefaction is well-explained elsewhere, so I won't reprise that here. However, if liquefaction does occur then high levels of damage can occur to the very facilities needed to bring aid into the affected area. Given the Google has provided wonderful free GeoEye imagery of the earthquake affected area, allowing a before and after analysis, I thought that it would be interesting to look at the state of the facilities:

It should be stated here that reports from before the earthquake suggested that the port was not in a great shape. The main port area appears to be this one (you can click on this image, or any other featured here, for a better view in a new window). This image was collected on 4th March 2008.


OK, so lets take a look at the main wharf with the warehouses in the centre of the image above.

Before:


After:


At first glance it may appear that there is little change, but look closely and you will see some extraordinary damage. I have annotated the image below to help:

The main impact is that the main wharf frontage has collapsed into the water and has now disappeared. The container unloading crane that sat on the dockside appears to be upright in the water (there appears to be another smaller crane in the water too). The white material covering much of the surface of the land around the docks is, I think, material released by liquefaction. This is best shown by this zoomed image, which shows the crane plus the collapsed wharves. If you look carefully you can see containers in the water in a number of places:


Clearly this part of the docks is not going to be usable until some considerable work has been completed. It is impossible to estimate from thid imagery how long this might take.

To the south the "before" image shows a jetty with ships alongside:


The "after" image shows that a large section of this jetty has collapsed:


The short section that is intact is probably not usable as the ground at the start of the jetty appears to have suffered liquefaction. There also appears to be a ramp structure here that has collapsed and is now floating:


It may be that the damaged ground here can be repaired temporarily to get the docks at least partially functional again.

Further up the coast to the north there is another area of wharf. In the before image this looks to be old and in poor condition, with many old vessels tied alongside. This could be a ship breaker, but nonetheless if intact it could offer some possibility to bring aid in:


Unfortunately there is no such luck. This wharf has also collapsed due to liquefaction. The warehouse here has also collapsed:



A little further to the north there is another jetty area, which appears to be quite new in the before imagery:

Unfortunately this one has also collapsed (as has part of the building in fact):

Round towards Carrefour there appears to be an oil unloading area. Unfortunately, as this before and after shows, this has also collapsed due to liquefaction, leading to a large oil leak:

Before:
After:

In summary, as the above images show, the port infrastructure is in a dire condition. The upshot is that at the moment most of the aid needs to be brought in by air, which is an extraordinary logistical challenge when there are 3 million people in need of help. A very high priority must be to get some of these docks reinstated. Some reports have suggested that this is already underway.

UPDATE: there is a video of this site here.

Comments and thoughts welcome.

Animation of Seattle harbour liquefaction failures

Youtube has a rather cool video of an animation of the effects of a large earthquake on the harbour side area of Seattle. The main point is I think to show the effects of the earthquake on the elevated roadway, but it also shows liquefaction failures of the fill behind the sea wall:



Pretty neat - certainly a useful teaching tool.

Update: the Nachterstedt landslide

This is an update with the latest news about the Nachterstedt landslide. The original post is here.

Further information has now emerged about the slide. This is summarised below.

1. The slide occurred in spoil from the mining operations.
In a comment in the original post, Florian Jenn (see his blog here) noted that the slide occurred in spoil dumped from earlier mining operations. This is consistent with the pictures, which seems to show a fine grained, reasonably homogeneous material. This type of material is also prone to gully erosion, which has clearly occurred. Thus, a liquefaction failure is quite possible.

2. This is the second failure at this site
A larger slide (6 million cubic metre) occurred at this site in 1959, resulting in a fatality. This will raise questions about the wisdom of the phased increase in lake level.

3. The lake was being filled through natural processes
If essentially the lake level was being increased essentially through rainwater (much of it flowing into the lake from the surrounding ground), then a possible explanation is that the heavy rainfall of late June has caused an increase in lake level over the last fortnight. Groundwater would have risen in response, perhaps triggering the failure.

4. The authorities have concluded that there is no possibility of survival for the three missing people
This is quite correct, assuming that they were in the building. Finding their remains will be a both challenging and dangerous.

Clearly this slide was both rapid and sudden. I guess it is hard to imagine such a slide. The first failure in this video, of the famous Pantai Remis slide in Malaysia, will give an indication of the speed and violence of a liquefaction-induced failure in the walls of an old mine:



There are more details of the Pantai Remis landslide here. Note that the latter part of the video is rather different from the Nachterstedt landslide as the sea was breaking through the wall of the mine.